Winged-pier quay-wall.



H. G. SMITH.

WINGED PIER QUAY WALL.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1912.

1,0?5,229, Patented 0017,1913.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co.v WASHINGTON, D. c.

H; 0. SMITH.

WINGBD PIER QUAY WALL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1912.

1,075,229, Patented Oct. 7, 1913.

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HARRY 0. SMITH, OF MANILA, FHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

VTINGED-PIER QUAY-WALL.

Application filed. September 9, 1912.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HARRY C. SMITH, a citizenof the United States, residing at Manila, Philippine Islands, haveinvented a new and useful Winged-Pier Quay-Wall, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention consists of a new type of quay wall built by the generalmethod hereinafter described in these specifications and accompanyingdrawings.

This quay wall is formed by a row of piers, to each pier being attachedwings or appendages connecting with similar wings or appendages of theadjacent piers, the piers being spaced at such distances that the wingswill connect and form a continuous wall.

The piers are hollow, water-tight vessels; they are to be floated intoposition, and to have sutlieient buoyancy to carry their own weight andthat of the attached wings. The structure will be built of concreteplain, or reinforced with steel or iron or it may be built of othersuitable material. The wings are to be attached at one end or side tothe pier, and are to connect at the free end or side with the free endor side of the wing of the adjacent pier. The whole wall may or may notbe covered by a deck or floor supported by the piers.

The wall is made continuous by means of the connecting wings between thepiers, so as to retain filling material such as earth, stone, etc.,behind the wall. The piers furnish the principal resistance to thepressure from the filling behind the wall and serve as supports to anydecking floor or other superstructure desired.

The wall is designed for use as a quay wall, that is, as a wall limitingand forming the shore line of a sea, river or other body of water, orfor any case where a wall is built to stand in water and retain materialbehind it. There must be suificient water on its site beforeconstruction to float the piers with their attachments. The utility ofthe wall lies largely in its retaining the shore backing and infurnishing a permanent depth of water immediately in front of the wall.

The advantages of the wall are as follows: The principal parts of thestructure except- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dot. '7, 1913.

Serial No. 719,412.

ing the foundations are built above water and then floated into place,obviating the difliculties and uncertainties of under-waterconstruction; the wings of the piers give added length to the wallwithout greatly increasing the weight and amount of material.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents the plan ortop view of a unit sect-ion of the wall, that is, one pier and its wingsor appendages. Fig. 2 shows a horizontal'cross section of a unit wallsection, this cross section cutting the pier, arched wings and the wingbraces or brackets. Fig. 3 represents a back elevation of the unitsection, showing the arrangements of the brackets for reinforcing thewings. Fig. 1 represents a vertical cross section of the wall unit,cutting the sides of the hollow pier, and showing the side, center andbot tom details, having an annular enlargement e at the bottom, havingthe attached wings Z2 6 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 1, 5 and 6), having the attachedbrackets c (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7) and having the central pipe f (Fig.4.) leading from the center g (Fig. 4) to the top of the pier. Fig. 5represents in plan a stretch of wall containing a number of unitsconnected together and Fig. 6 shows in front elevation the same as shownin plan by Fig. 5. Figs. 5 and 6 show the key 7a which connects thewings of adj acent piers. Fig. 7 shows a cross section cutting the pierat the junction of a wing so as to show the brackets, c in section. Thisfigure also shows water in front of the wall and filling behind it.

The hollow pier a (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) with wings 6 (Figs. 1, 2,3, a, 5, and 6) are built on shore in a drydock on a marine railway oron some other app iance for launching vessels. The pier must be madesufliciently watertight that it may be floated to position without anexcessive amount of pumping. Its length will correspond to depth ofwater on foundation and height above water desired for the top. Thewidth or diameter of the pier will be governed by the height of backfill or the back pressure for the pier must have sufficient weight tosustain thispressure.

The walls h (Fig. 4) of the pier a are circular in horizontal section,made so as to resist the water pressure and the ballast pressure withoutintroducing beams. The section may however, be made in a difierentshape, provided the walls are made strong enough to withstand thepressure of, first the water without and later the ballast within. Thepier wall is shown with an enlargement (Figs. 1, 2 and 5) on the frontside. This enlargement j is for the purpose of affording additionalstrength to the pier walls in the front where they are liable to receiveshocks from vessels or other floating objects, and to counterbalance theeccentric weight of the Wings 6 and the brackets 0 when the unit sectionis floating, so that it will float in an upright position. The bottom clis made conical so that stiffening beams will not be necessary and sothat a space g (Fig. t) may be leftbeneath the pier to facilitate thegrouting and concreting of the base. The annular enlargement e is forthe purpose of strengthening the bottom of the pier cylinder and forfurnishing greater base for the pier. The pipe f (Figs. 1, 2 and 4t)connects with space g and its purpose is to convey grout and concrete tothe foundation. I

The wings Z) are joined to the walls h of the pier a. They are in theform of quarter circles, and when joined to the wings of the adjacentpiers they together form semi-circles thus forming a complete archbetween the piers. This arch sustains the pressure of the backing,carrying the pressure to the piers which sustain the arches at the ends.

The brackets 0 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) connect the wings with the back of thepier wall and serve to reinforce and stiffen both wings and wallsagainst ununiform loading or pressure unequally distributed. They areintended to act as cantaliver beams in case when, for any reason, thewings fail, and they make for additional safety. Another purpose of thebrackets is that with the weight of the back filling on them being hehind the center of gravity of the wall, they will increase theresistance of the wall to overturning.

On F ig. 5 7c represents the key block connecting and oining the halfarches formed by the wings of the pier. This key is molded in placeafter the piers are set.

On Figs. 2 and 4: 9 represents steel or iron reinforcing rods which arenecessary in the walls h, the bottom (Z the annular ring c and thebrackets c all of which parts may be subject to tension stresses.Reinforcing rods may or may not be used in the walls of the wings b.

In constructing this wall the complete units comprising the piers withappendages before mentioned are first built above water;

they are then launched and floated into posi tion. The foundation havingbeen previo-usly prepared, brought to proper grade and leveled, theunits ar sunk until they rest on the foundation by partly filling themwith water or other ballast. Good bearing on the foundation is thensecured by introducing cement, grout or concrete through pipe f (Fig. 4)into space g (Fig. 4). The hollow pier a is then filled with sand,gravel, concrete or any other ballast desired. The key 7a is then placedby placing concrete in forms which inclose the joints between the wingsof adjacent piers. The

'wall is then ready for the backfilling, also floor, decking orsuperstructure may then be placed.

I am aware that prior to my invention quay walls have been constructedby build ing hollow sections above water and then floating them intoplace. I therefore do not claim such an invention broadly.

1. I claim a hollow pier with closed bottom and capable of being floatedin water, and having two attached wings, the whole forming one of two ormore units which when placed in line with extremities of wings joinedform a continuous retaining wall or quay wall.

2. I claim the hollow cylindrical pier with a closed bottom and capableof being floated in water, and having two attached wings in the form ofhalf arches the whole forming one of two or more units which when placedin line with extremities of wings joined form a continuous retainingwall or quay wall, all substantially as set forth.

3. I claim the hollow pier with closed bottom and capable of beingfloated in water, and having two attached wings and two or more bracketsor webs joined to the wings and pier, the whole forming one of two ormore units which, when placed in line with extremities of wings joined,form a continuous retaining wall or quay wall, all substantially as setforth.

4. I claim the hollow cylindrical pier having an inverted hollow coneclosing the bottom and two wings attached to the cylinder, the wholecapable of being floated in water and forming a unit two or more ofwhich, when placed in line with extremities of wings joined, form acontinuous retaining wall or quay wall, all substantially as set forth.

5. I claim the hollow cylinder with closed bottom and capable of beingfloated in water, and having a circular ring forming an annularenlargement at the bottom of the cylinder, and two attached wings, thewhole forming a unit two or more of which, when placed in line withextremities of wings joined, form a continuous retaining wall or quaywall, all substantially as set forth.

6. I claim the hollow pier with closed botcause the hollow pier to floatin an upright torn and capable of being floated in water position, allsubstantially as set forth. and havin two attached win s the walls ofthe hollow pier being enlarged on the side HARRY SMITH 5 opposite theattached wings so that the In the presence of weight of the enlargementwill tend to coun- G. W. QUIMBY, ter-balance the weight of the wings andF. GoNzALEs.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents- Washington, D. G.

